For people with ADHD, getting diagnosed is the first step on the path toward treatment and an improved quality of life. The diagnostic process varies from practitioner to practitioner but draws on a set of clinical criteria laid out by the American Psychiatric Association.
Criteria for an ADHD Diagnosis
To determine whether someone has ADHD, mental health practitioners and physicians refer to and build on the criteria laid out in the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, fifth edition (DSM-5).
The DSM-5 divides ADHD symptoms into two categories: Inattention and Hyperactivity and Impulsivity. To conclude a diagnosis, children up to age 16 must have at least six of the symptoms listed within a single category. Adults and teens ages 17 and up must have five of the symptoms listed within a single category.
For everybody, symptoms must have been present for at least six months and be shown to be “inappropriate” for the person’s developmental level.
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The following list is a summary of the DSM-5’s criteria. It is provided for informational purposes. ADHD should be diagnosed by a qualified mental health professional. Source: CDC.gov
Often fails to give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes in schoolwork, at work, or with other activities.
Often has trouble holding attention on tasks or play activities.
Often does not seem to listen when spoken to directly.
Often does not follow through on instructions and fails to finish schoolwork, chores, or duties in the workplace (e.g., loses focus, side-tracked).
Often has trouble organizing tasks and activities.
Often avoids, dislikes, or is reluctant to do tasks that require mental effort over a long period of time (such as schoolwork or homework).
Often loses things necessary for tasks and activities (e.g. school materials, pencils, books, tools, wallets, keys, paperwork, eyeglasses, mobile telephones).
Is often easily distracted
Is often forgetful in daily activities.
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The following list is a summary of the DSM-5’s criteria. It is provided for informational purposes. ADHD should be diagnosed by a qualified mental health professional. Source: CDC.gov
Often fidgets with or taps hands or feet, or squirms in seat.
Often leaves seat in situations when remaining seated is expected.
Often runs about or climbs in situations where it is not appropriate (adolescents or adults may be limited to feeling restless).
Often unable to play or take part in leisure activities quietly.
Is often “on the go” acting as if “driven by a motor”.
Often talks excessively.
Often blurts out an answer before a question has been completed.
Often has trouble waiting their turn.
Often interrupts or intrudes on others (e.g., butts into conversations or games)
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The following list is a summary of the DSM-5’s criteria. It is provided for informational purposes. ADHD should be diagnosed by a qualified mental health professional. Source: CDC.gov
Individuals must also meet the following conditions:
Several inattentive or hyperactive-impulsive symptoms were present before age 12 years.
Several symptoms are present in two or more settings, (such as at home, school or work; with friends or relatives; in other activities).
There is clear evidence that the symptoms interfere with, or reduce the quality of, social, school, or work functioning.
The symptoms are not better explained by another mental disorder (such as a mood disorder, anxiety disorder, dissociative disorder, or a personality disorder). The symptoms do not happen only during the course of schizophrenia or another psychotic disorder.
The Diagnostic Process
The way in which a person is evaluated for ADHD varies depending on the organization or practitioner performing the assessment. In some cases, an individual (or their parents) will seek out a diagnostic evaluation after noticing symptoms. In other cases, a physician or mental health professional will form a diagnosis based on an existing relationship with the individual and an understanding of their symptoms.
Most organizations and practitioners, including the Hallowell Todaro ADHD Center, require face-to-face diagnostic evaluations either in person or via telehealth. However, the length and nature of the evaluations vary depending on the organization and/or practitioner. It’s important for individuals and families to research the healthcare provider to ensure the evaluation is performed thoroughly and responsibly.
Common Questions
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ADHD can be diagnosed by a qualified mental health professional, such as a therapist or psychiatrist, or a physician, such as a pediatrician or neurologist.
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Most ADHD experts agree that the rising number of people with ADHD reflects greater awareness and understanding of the condition, not widespread overdiagnosis. Medical professionals now have a deeper understanding of ADHD—particularly how it impacts adults and girls/women—leading to a rise in diagnoses that would have previously been overlooked.
Although there’s no evidence that ADHD is being overdiagnosed, it is possible for ADHD to be misdiagnosed, or diagnosed irresponsibly. This is why it’s important for individuals and families to research each healthcare organization/practitioner before scheduling a diagnostic evaluation.
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It’s up to the individual (or their parents) to determine how to proceed following an ADHD diagnosis. The practitioner who provided the diagnosis will likely recommend treatment options and/or further evaluation.
Diagnosing ADHD:
Best Practices
Performed by a qualified ADHD specialist (mental health practitioner or physician)
Takes into account the individual's full health history
Integrates information from multiple sources (e.g. teachers, parents, spouses, coworkers)
Considers accompanying conditions, such as anxiety, depression, and dyslexia
Recommends further testing or evaluation if needed
Learn More
Treatment Options
ADHD in Kids & Teens
ADHD in Adults
ADHD Stats, Facts, & Myths