ADHD can make it hard to manage the responsibilities and expectations of adulthood. Treatment and education play a pivotal role in overcoming these challenges.

How ADHD Affects Adults

For an adult to be diagnosed with ADHD, a qualified healthcare professional must determine that they meet five of the criteria laid out by the American Psychiatric Association.

Symptoms of inattention and/or hyperactivity will look different depending on a person’s age and daily routine. For adults, common experiences include:

Difficulties at work
Poor executive functioning makes it difficult to perform the tasks required for many jobs. Adults with undiagnosed or unmanaged ADHD often find it difficult to keep a job and struggle to find enjoyment in their work. Treating ADHD through coaching, therapy, and/or medication can help greatly, as can finding a career better suited to their strengths and challenges.

Relationship challenges
In relationships, it’s easy for symptoms of ADHD to be misinterpreted as rudeness or a lack of respect. Spouses, friends, and family members may think the person doesn’t listen to them and never follows through on their promises. The person with ADHD may feel continually criticized and trapped by others’ expectations. One of the best ways to resolve these issues is through education. When both parties in a relationship have a shared understanding of how ADHD affects the brain, it’s easier to communicate and show one another compassion.

Low confidence and low self-esteem
Adults with ADHD may blame themselves for struggles at work and in relationships. They often carry feelings of failure with them from childhood due to poor performance in school and being labeled as “bad,” “lazy,” or “stupid.” Reframing ADHD as a trait with both challenges and assets can help adults build back their lost self-esteem.

High-risk behaviors and substance abuse
It’s common for people with ADHD to seek out stimulating experiences that provide an adrenaline rush and boost dopamine. When left untreated, people with ADHD can be more inclined to engage in risky behaviors and substances. Behavioral, educational, psychological, and/or medical interventions can help greatly in addressing these potentially life-threatening behaviors.

Anxiety and depression
Anxiety and depression are two of the most common conditions to occur alongside ADHD. Struggling to function as expected in neurotypical environments can lead to worry and feelings of worthlessness. Therapists and physicians who specialize in ADHD can also help treat these co-occurring conditions and can make referrals when needed.

Treating ADHD in Adults

Adults with ADHD require treatment plans that are tailored to their specific needs and circumstances. Many benefit from a blend of executive function coaching, therapy, and medication.

Seeking the advice of a qualified ADHD specialist, such as a licensed therapist or physician, is the first step you can take toward managing the challenges of ADHD.

Learn more about the different types of ADHD treatment

Community Support for Adults with ADHD

In addition to coaching, therapy, and medication, many adults with ADHD benefit from connecting with others who have ADHD. Support groups and educational classes are opportunities to meet people with experiences and challenges similar to your own.

It can feel validating to speak with fellow “ADHDers” and know you are not alone in your struggles. Meeting other adults with ADHD may also introduce you to practical strategies and solutions to ADHD-related hurdles.

View upcoming classes and groups

Common Questions

If you have researched the symptoms of ADHD and suspect that you may have it, the first step is to schedule an evaluation with a qualified ADHD specialist. ADHD can be diagnosed by a mental healthcare professional, such as a therapist or psychiatrist, or a physician, such as a primary care provider or neurologist. Make sure to research the person or organization before you schedule an appointment to ensure they specialize in ADHD. To form a diagnosis, the practitioner may need to ask for participation from family members (parents, spouse, etc.) or close friends who can discuss their experiences with you.
Learn more about the diagnostic process.
Learn more about diagnostic evaluations at the Hallowell Todaro Center.
A physician or nurse practitioner who specializes in ADHD can advise you on your options in regard to medication, but the decision on whether to take medication is up to you.
As with any medication, ADHD medications can have side effects. Depending on the medication, side effects may include appetite suppression, headache, insomnia, jitteriness, and in some cases, elevated blood pressure and heart rate. Doctors and nurse practitioners work with individuals to reduce any negative side effects by changing the dose or type of medication.
It’s entirely your choice whether to disclose your ADHD to anyone. Many people find it beneficial to inform their colleagues, HR department, and/or managers of their ADHD to create a foundation of honesty and understanding. ADHD is also a recognized disability under the Americans with Disabilities Act and you may qualify for certain workplace accommodations.